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Although many factors may influence native vegetation communities including seasonal variation, disturbance, and climate, they can be impacted and influenced by native and introduced herbivores (Iijima & Nagaike., 2015; Davis et al., 2010). Multiple studies have concluded that large vertebrate herbivory can induce change in vegetation community structure (Augustine & McNaughton, 1998; Bråthen et al., 2007; Dolman & Wäber, 2008; Gill & Beardall, 2001; Keith & Pellow, 2005). 

Six deer (Cervidae) species have naturalised in Australia with the aid of human dispersal (Moriarty, 2004b). As intermediate mixed grazers, deer possess the potential to induce major changes to the structure of plant communities (Augustine & McNaughton, 1998).  In their home ranges, they are important seed dispersal mechanisms through endozoochory and epizoochory. Data has been presented on deer's influence through these mechanisms on Australian vegetation communities (Davis et al., 2010, Claridge et al., 2016, Quin et al., 2023). Native vegetation that introduced cervids impact may have protracted recovery periods (Tanentzap et al., 2009), highlighting the need for further data to assist in ecosystem management. Plants have evolved to protect themselves from herbivory and to take advantage of the process (Belsky, 1986). Species may promote dispersal through endozoochory through aromas, fleshy fruits and a seed's physical properties (Gomez-Rodriguez., et al 2013). Accidental ingestion and endozoochory may also occur (Calvino-Cancela., 2011). Studies focusing on deer endozoochory have occurred in Australia demonstrating that deer are contributing to seed dispersal through endozoochory, however, there is a lack of understanding of the impacts - potential or realised in southeast Queensland.

For more information, please email the Graduate Research School or phone 0746 311088.