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Citation–based measures are most useful to those researchers in the ‘pure’ sciences, or in fields with a relatively high overall citation rate. 

Citation counts

Citation counts can be gathered for:

• an individual article (how often it was cited)
• an author (total citations, or average citation count per article)
• a journal (average citation count for the articles in the journal).

The three main tools to generate a citation count include , and .

H-index

The h-index is an important measure of an author’s influence, or your research productivity and impact. The index reflects your most cited publications and the number of citations they accrued in other publications. For example, to have an h-index of 10, you must have at least 10 publications with at least 10 citations each.

Your h-index can be calculated by a which lists your publications, an , or via or . 

Issues to be aware of

In general, H-index values can only be compared within a single discipline. For example, an average medical researcher will generally have much larger h-index values than a world-class mathematician. Even within a discipline, comparing h-index values is only useful if all information has been found using the same database and method.

It is therefore useful to identify your h-index by its source e.g. a 'Scopus h-index'.

The h-index may be less useful in some disciplines, as different publishing and citation patterns may mean that there are not enough citations available to generate a useful measure, and if the publications and citations are not indexed in databases.

Also, citation patterns vary widely between disciplines and across types of publications. Care should be taken when comparing citation counts.

There are three main tools to generate graphs of your citation patterns including , and .

Citer analysis

Citer analysis provides qualitative measures of your research impact by providing information about the citations of your work, including:

• who is citing your research
• where they are
• what institution they're from
• in which publications they have published
• in which discipline they have published.

Finding out who is citing you and where they come from can help you show:

• significance of your impact
• trends in publishing in your field
• evidence that your work is influential across multiple disciplines

and can provide you with graphs and analytic tools for this type of information.
If your work is not widely indexed or cited in Scopus or Web of Science, you can get much of this information from Google Scholar and disciplinary specific databases.

Showing that your work is being discussed, shared and disseminated across a wide range of platforms could be just as useful as citations when you are exploring whether your work is reaching your audience. This becomes especially important if your research is focused on the social sciences and humanities and has more ‘social’ impact than citation impact. The following impact measures may be useful:

Altmetrics

Altmetrics measures can be based on different types of research products including re-use of datasets, views of presentation slides, and interactions with publications.

Altmetrics sources can be loosely categorised into any of the different ways that your work may be interacted with online including usage, captures, mentions, social media, and citations.

Altmetrics allows you to see patterns that may not be obvious from citations alone and give context to your research impact rather than trying to boil it down to individual numbers.

Many Altmetrics are closely tied to Open Access as they rely on freely available information from the web. If your research is available through open access journals or via  it is more likely to be discovered by these different products.

There are a range available. You can also embed the to track where your research has gained attention for free.

Media coverage

Media coverage in all disciplines can be picked up in a number of databases including , and .

Other measures

We recommend that researchers in the Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences keep an to keep a record of any mentions of your work in media, or to make a note of when you are asked to speak at events or in the media. Keeping this record can help demonstrate your impact outside of the traditional scholarly world or how you’re changing practice or impacting policy.

Factors to consider when deciding how to measure your impact:

• How do you promote your research?
• Who is your audience
• How do you connect with them?

Asking yourself these questions can help you to focus on the different types of impact that you may be having.